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Genetics of rabbit breeds and populations


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Domestication of the rabbit is relatively recent and most of today's breeds and populations have been bred by man in the last 200 to 300 years.

The rabbit has been used as an experimental animal in genetics and reproduction physiology since the beginning of the century, but it was not until 1950 that the first findings on quantitative genetics were published, in Venge's study of maternal influence on rabbit birth weight (Verge, 1950). This work opened the way for research on the genetic improvement of the rabbit for meat production. INRA scientists in France began research and development work in their area in 1961, followed by work in other research laboratories in many countries. The excellent bibliography by Robinson (1958), Genetic studies of the rabbit, giving reliable genetic and physiological bases, has already been dated by this new work.

A report on French research on rabbit selection in the 10 years from 1970 to 1980 was recently drawn up by Rouvier ( 1981). However, experience gained in European conditions cannot be transferred directly to developing countries. To upgrade their rabbits breeders should use the local animals, either native or from imported populations that have been acclimatized, and make use of the genetic variability that is available.

It does seem that priority should be given to research on rural and backyard rabbit production. These would be small, thrifty, autonomous units requiring little investment and using local resources. They would be reasonably productive.

Table 26 gives the taxonomic classification of the rabbit.

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