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The growth and development of the Animal Husbandry Raising Poultry: Broiler Raising From category Broiler, Chicken Below : Product Details : Raising Poultry: Broiler Raising
1. A BRIEF HISTORYBroiler broiler also called, which is a kind of superior race crosses of chickens from the nations that have a high productivity, especially in the production of chicken meat. Actually this new broiler popular in Indonesia since the 1980s which proclaimed the power holders panggalakan ruminant meat consumption is increasingly difficult at the moment of its existence. Broiler until now has been known to the people of Indonesia with its strengths. Only 5-6 weeks to be harvested. By maintaining a relatively short time and profitable, so many new breeders and seasoned breeders who appeared in various parts of Indonesia.
2. LIVESTOCK CENTER
Chicken has developed very rapidly in every state. In Indonesia broiler operations have also found almost every province
3. J E N I S
With various strains of broiler chickens that have been circulating in the market, farmers need not worry in determining his choice. Because
all kinds of strains that have been circulating have relatively the same productivity power.
This means that if there are differences, the differences were not flashy or very small. In determining the choice of what strains will be maintained, the farmer may request a list of productivity or performance of seedlings which are sold at the Poultry Shoup. The type strains of broiler that many on the market are: Super 77, 70 Tiles, ISA, Kim Cross, 202 Lohman, Hyline, Vdett, Missouri, Hubbard, Shaver Starbro, Pilch, Yabro, Goto, arcres Arbor, Tatum, Indian river, Hybro, Cornish, Brahma, Langshans, Hypeco-Broilers, Ross, Marshall "m", Euribrid, AA 70, H & N, Sussex, Bromo, CP 707.
4. BENEFITS
Benefits of broiler breeding, among others, include:
- 1)
- provision of animal protein needs
- 2) filling the days of free time Retirement
- 3) education and training (training) skills among young people
- 4) the savings in the old days
- 5) provide for the family (profit motive)
- 5. LOCATION REQUIREMENT
1)
Location quite far from the hustle / housing residents.
2) The location easily accessible from the marketing centers.
3) The location was chosen to be settled, that is not easily distracted by other purposes than for farming.
6. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES CULTIVATION
Before farming began, a breeder shall understand the 3 (three) elements of production were: management (management of farm businesses), breeding (breeding) and feeding (forage / feed)
6.1. Preparation Facility and Equipment
1. Housing
Housing systems that are ideal for chicken farming include: requirements for temperature ranges from 32,2-35 degrees C, humidity ranged from 60-70%, lighting / heating enclosure in accordance with existing rules, the layout of the cage so that gets morning sun and not against wind directions, the model adjusted for age chicken cages, for tillers until the age of 2 weeks or 1 month wearing box enclosure, for chicken teenager ± 1 months to 2 or 3 months of wearing the box cage was raised and to be with the adult chicken cage atapun postal bateray cage. For cage construction with materials that do not need expensive, which is an important powerful, clean and durable.
2. Equipment
a. Litter (floor mats)
Alas floor / litter should be in the dry state, then there is no leaky roofs and rain water that entered although there was no wind. As high as 10 cm thick litter, litter material is used a mixture of bran / husk with a little taste of lime and sand, wood shavings or goal should between 3-5 cm in length to substitute bran / husk.
b. Breeders or brooder
This tool is a round or square with an area coverage of 1-3 m with a heater in the middle. Functions like a mother hen to warm the child when the newly hatched chicken.
c. Perches (if necessary)
Perches to place of rest / sleep, created by the wall and this will be dirt falls to the floor can be readily cleaned from the outside. Created closed to avoid the wind and it lies lower than the breeding ground.
d. Places to eat, drink and places grit
Places to eat and drink must be available enough, the material of bamboo, aluminum, or anything that does not leak too strong and not rusty. For the grits with a special box
e. Routine tools
Routine tools including chicken health tools such as: injection, operating scissors, a knife cut a small operation, and others.
6.2. Seeding
Ruminant must meet the following requirements:
a) the livestock healthy and not on physical disabilities
b) the normal growth and development
c) The cattle originated from nurseries known advantages.
d) no coherence in the anus feces.
1. Seed Selection and Prospective Parent
There are some technical guidelines for selecting seeds / DOC (Day Old Chicken) DOC:
a. Chicks (DOC) derived from the healthy parent.
b. Fur looks soft and full and good growth.
c. There were no defects in the body.
d. Mempunyak chicks a good appetite.
e. Normal body size, size weight between 35-40 grams.
f. There is no place the feces diduburnya.
2. Seed Care and Prospective Parent
Done at any time, if any symptoms of abnormality in cattle so immediately given special attention and given medication in accordance with directions or a local Animal Husbandry Department veterinarian who served in the areas concerned.
6.3. Maintenance
1. Providing food and beverages
For broiler feeding have 2 (two) phases which are starters (age 0-4 weeks) and finisher phase (age 4-6 weeks).
a. Quality and quantity of feed phase starter is as follows:
- Quality or nutrient content of feed consisting of 22-24% protein, 2.5% fat, crude fiber 4%, Calcium (Ca) 1%, Phospor (P) 0,7-0,9%, ME 2800-3500 kcal.
- The quantity of feed divided / grouped into 4 (four) groups, namely the first week (age 1-7 days) 17 grams / day / head, the second week (age 8-14 days), 43 grams / day / cow, week 3 ( age 15-21 days), 66 grams / day / cow and week 4 (age 22-29 days) 91 grams / day / head.
So the amount of feed required for each tail until the age of 4 weeks of 1520 gram.
b. Quality and quantity of feed finisher phases are as follows:
- Quality or nutrient content of the feed consists of proteins 18,1-21,2%, fat 2.5%, 4.5% crude fiber, calcium (Ca) 1%, Phospor (P) 0,7-0,9 % and energy (ME) 2900-3400 Kcal.
- The quantity of feed divided / are classified into four age groups as follows: week 5 (age 30-36 days) 111 grams / day / cow, week-6 (Umut 37-43 days) 129 grams / day / cow, week -7 (age 44-50 days) 146 grams / day / cow and week 8 (age 51-57 days) 161 grams / day / head. So the total amount of feed per cow at the age of 30-57 days is 3829 grams.
Providing drinking age adjusted view of chicken that are grouped in 2 (two) phases, namely:
a. Starter phase (age 1-29 days), drinking water demand is divided again in each week, ie week 1 (1-7 days) 1.8 lliter/hari/100 tail; week 2 (8-14 days) 3.1 liter/hari/100 tail, week 3 (15-21 days) 4.5 liter/hari/100 tail and week 4 (22-29 days) 7.7 liters / day / head . So the amount of water required to drink until the age of 4 weeks is
liter/100 tail as much as 122.6. Provision of drinking water on the first day of added sugar and should be given anti-stress drugs into drinking water. Given the number of sugar is 50 grams / liter of water.
b. Finisher phase (age 30-57 days), are clustered in each week is week 5 (30-36 days) 9.5 liter/hari/100 tails, 6 weeks (37-43 days) 10.9 liter/hari/100 tail, week 7 (44-50 days) 12.7 liter/hari/100 tail and week 8 (51-57 days) 14.1 liters / day / head. So total of 30-57 days of drinking water as much as 333.4 liters / day / head.
2. Maintenance Cage
Stable environmental hygiene (sanitation) in the area is livestock disease prevention efforts that are cheaper, it only takes a resilient labor / skilled only. Preventive action by giving the vaccine in cattle in accordance with the brand and dose on the label notes that from poultry shoup. In order for the building enclosure can be useful in an effective, then the building needs to be preserved in a good cage is the cage was always cleaned and maintained / checked if there is a damaged part so soon embroidered / repaired back. Thus, maximum efficiency can cage the cage without reducing the requirements for livestock are kept.
7. Pests and diseases
7.1. Disease
1.
Dysentery (Coccidiosis)
Symptoms: bloody stools and diarrhea, lack of appetite, terkulasi wings, feathers dull shivering.
Control: (1) lingkungaan keep cleaning, keep the litter remains dry; (2) with Tetra Capsule Chloine given by mouth; Noxal, Zuco Trisula tablets dissolved in water or sulfaqui moxaline, amprolium, cxaldayocox.
2. Tetelo (NCDs / New Casstle Diseae)
Symptoms: chicken difficulty breathing, coughing, sneezing, arising grunting, lethargic, sleepy eyes, wings terkulasi, sometimes bloody, watery stools greenish-specific symptoms "Torticollis" is twisting the head and paralyzed uncertain.
Control: (1) keep the environment clean and virus-contaminated equipment, animal disease vectors tetelo, chickens that died immediately burned / removed; (2) separate the sick chickens, to prevent guests entered the area of farms without the clothes mensucihamakan / sterile and conducting vaccination NCDs . Until now there has been no cure.
7.2. Pest
1.
Mites (alliance)
Symptoms: chicken restless, often pecking and flapping feathers because of itching, decreased appetite, pale and thin.
Control: (1) environmental sanitation good chicken coop; separate the sick chickens with a healthy, (2) using Sevin carbonate concentration of 0.15% which dilute with water and then spray with Sevin carbonate concentration of 0.15% which dilute with water and then spray ketubuh patients. By fumigation or pengasepan using a volatile insecticide such as Nocotine sulfate or Black leaf 40.
8. P A N E N
8.1. Main results
For broiler operations, primarily the result of chicken meat
8.2. By-product
Business broiler chickens (broiler) is a form of feces or droppings and shed feathers.
9. POST HARVEST
9.1. Stoving
Shelter chickens prior to slaughter, usually placed in the stable reservoirs (Houlding Ground)
9.2. Cutting
Cutting chicken necks done, principally so that the blood came out whole, or about 2 / 3 neck cut and wait 1-2 minutes. This is so good meat quality, not easily contaminated and nonperishable.
9.3. Feather barking or Revocation
Which has been cut way of chicken was dipped into hot water (51.7 to 54.4 degrees C). Broiler immersion length is 30 seconds. The feathers are fine revoked by applying liquid wax or burned with blue flame.
9.4. Expenditure Offal
Dubut cut the bottom bit, the entire contents of the abdomen (liver, intestine and ampela) is issued. Stomach contents can be sold or be included on the packaging of meat ready to be cooked separately.
9.5. Cutting Carcasses
Cut chicken legs and neck. Tunggir also be cut if it is not preferred. After all viscera are removed and the carcasses were washed, chicken legs / thighs ditekukan below the anus. Then the chicken is cooled and packaged.
10. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CROP CULTIVATION
10.1. Cultivation of Business Analysis
Basis for calculating costs and revenues earned in this analysis, among other things:
a. type chickens are reared broiler type (broiler) strain of CP.707.
b. maintenance system that is applied intensively in cages by postal model
c. area of land used is 200 m2 with total rental price of land in the 1 ha / year is Rp 1.000.000, -.
d. cage made of bamboo framework, ground floor, walls made of bamboo strips premises base 30 cm high walls, made of plaster and brick roof tiles.
e. cage size, which is 2.5 m tall edges, the width of the cage 5 m and width of 1.5 m. The edge of the cage
f. farm location close to the source water and electricity.
g. using a heater (brooder) gasolec with fuel gas.
h. lighting with electric lights.
i. age of chicken that is started from 1 day-old seedlings
j. litter / pad enclosure using rice husks.
k. type of feed given is the BR-1 for chicks aged 0-4 weeks and BR-2 for 4-6 weeks of age.
l. chicken mortality rate is assumed to be 6%.
m. long maintenance period is 6 weeks (42 days).
n. The average weight per fish is assumed to be 1.75 kg chicken live weight at harvest time.
o. chicken price per kg live weight, that is assumed to be USD 2500, -, although the price range up to USD 3000, - level rancher / farmer.
p. chickens are sold at the age of 6 mingu or 42 days.
q. manure value is Rp 60,000, -.
r. Bank interest is 1.5% / month
s. deducting the depreciation value of the stable 6-year lifetime of strength and value of deducting equipment depreciation lifetime of 5 years.
t. calculation of this cost analysis was calculated as a basic guide, since the value / price at any time could change.
The details of production costs and farm capital are as follows:
1) Cost of production infrastructure
a. 200 m2 of ground rent for a 2-month USD. 20.000, -
b. Cage size 20 x 5 m
- Bamboo sticks @ 180 USD in 1250,
- Cement 4 zak @ USD 7000,
- Limestone 30 zak @ USD 6000,
- Genting 2600 pcs @ USD 90,
- Nails reng 5 kg @ Rp 2000,
- Nails usuk 7000 kg @ Rp 1800,
- Bricks 1000 @ USD 55,
- Sand 1 truck
- The rope 28 meters @ USD 5000,
- Employment
Rp. 225,000, -
Rp. 28,000, -
Rp. 18,000, -
Rp. 234,000, -
Rp. 10.000, -
Rp. 12,600, -
Rp. 55,000, -
Rp. 230,000, -
Rp. 14,000, -
Rp. 400.000, -
c. Equipment
- Where to feed 28 pcs @ USD 5000,
- Places to drink 32 pcs @ USD 3880,
- Shovel 1 bh
- Bucket 2 bh @ USD 2000,
- Tong bathtub 1 bh
- Dipper 2 pcs @ USD 500,
- 1 large gas cylinder bh
- Thermometer 1 bh
- Regulator 1 bh
- Brooder (gasolec) 1 bh
- The rope hanging tmp feed 120 m @ USD 500, -
Rp. 140.000, -
Rp. 124,000, -
Rp. 7000, -
Rp. 4000, -
Rp. 15.000, -
Rp. 1000, -
Rp. 250.000, -
Rp. 2.000, -
Rp. 52,500, -
Rp. 15.000, -
Rp. 60.000, -
Total cost of production infrastructure Rp. 2,052,000, -
2) Cost of production facilities
a. Seeds DOC 1000 pcs @ USD 900, - USD. 900.000, -
b. Diet and drugs
- BR-1 zak 31 (0-4 weeks) @ USD 36,000,
- BR-2 34 zak (4-6 mingu) @ USD 34,000,
- Drugs @ USD 150, -/ekor
Rp. 1,116,000, -
Rp. 1,156,000, -
Rp. 150.000, -
c. Maintain workforce 1.5 bln @ Rp 105.000, - USD. 157,500, -
d. Other
- Rice husk pedestal enclosure 1 truck @ Rp 60.000, -
- Secondhand gunny bags @ USD 32 300, -
- Electricity consumption during the 0-6 weeks
- Use of gas Rp. 10.000, -
Rp. 60.000, -
Rp. 2400, -
Rp. 7000, -
Rp. 35.000, -
Total cost of production infrastructure Rp. 3,583,900, -
3) Production costs
a. 200 m2 of ground rent for a 2-month USD. 20.000, -
b. Shrinkage value of production infrastructure / 2 months
- Cage
- Appliances Rp 805,660, -: 30
Rp. 51,109, -
Rp. 26,856, -
c. DOC Seeds 1000 tail USD. 900.000, -
d. Feed and drugs USD. 2,422,000, -
e. USD labor. 157,500, -
f. Other USD. 104,400, -
g. Capital of 1.5% interest per month to Rp. 84,543, -
h. Capital Month USD 1.5 months. 126,815, -
Total production infrastructure costs Rp. 3,808,680, -
4) Revenue
a. Total production 1000X94% X1, 75 kg x Rp 2500, - USD. 4,112,500, -
b. Manure Value USD. 60.000, -
c. The total revenue of Rp. 4,172,500, -
d. Profit of Rp. 363,820, -
5) feasibility Parameters
a. BEP Production Volume = 870 tail
b. BEP Production Price USD. 3,316,000, -
c. B / C Ratio = 1.09
d. ROI = 6.45%
e. Profit to revenue ratio = 8.71%
f. Rate of return on capital = 2.6 yr.
10.2. Agribusiness Opportunity Overview
Prospects for livestock agribusiness farm broiler good enough where market demand is always increasing, along with public awareness of the importance of animal nutrition. Broiler poultry production is growing rapidly and the market opportunities that can be reliable.
11. REFERENCES
1. Muhammad Rasyaf, Dr., Ir. Broiler breeding. Publisher of the groups (members IKAPI) Jakarta.
2. Cahyono, Bambang, Ir.1995. How to Improve Broiler Farming (Broiler). Reader Publishers Nusatama Yogyakarta.
12. CONTACT RELATIONS
1. Rural Community Economic Development Project - BAPPENAS
Coconut Jl.Sunda No. 7 Jakarta, Tel. 021 390 9829, Fax. 021 390 9829
2. Office of State Minister for Research and Technology, Utilization and Correctional Deputy Science and Technology, BPPT Building II, 6th Floor, Jl. M. H. Thamrin No. 8, 10340th Jakarta, Indonesia, Tel. +62 21 316 9166 ~ 69, FAX. +62 21 310 1952, Website: http://www.ristek.go.id
Source:
Rural Community Economic Development Project, Bappenas
